The OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Top 10 lists web applications’ most critical security risks. The current version of the OWASP Top 10, published in 2021, includes the following categories:

1. Injection: This refers to security vulnerabilities allowing attackers to inject malicious code into a web application, such as SQL and NoSQL injection.

2. Broken Authentication and Session Management: This refers to security vulnerabilities related to the authentication and session management mechanisms used by a web application, such as weak passwords, session fixation, and session hijacking.

3. Insufficient Logging and Monitoring: This refers to security vulnerabilities related to a web application’s lack of proper logging and monitoring mechanisms, making it difficult to detect and respond to security incidents.

4. Insecure Design: This refers to security vulnerabilities related to the design of a web application, such as a lack of input validation and access control.

5. Security Misconfiguration: This refers to security vulnerabilities that arise from misconfigured servers, frameworks, and applications.

6. Vulnerable and Outdated Components: This refers to security vulnerabilities that arise from using third-party libraries and components that are known to have security flaws.

7. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): This refers to security vulnerabilities that allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into a web page viewed by other users.

8. Insecure Communications: This refers to security vulnerabilities related to a web application’s lack of encryption and secure communication channels.

9. Insufficient Attack Protection: This refers to security vulnerabilities related to the lack of proper mechanisms to protect against common web application attacks, such as CSRF and XSS.

10. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): This refers to security vulnerabilities that allow attackers to send requests from the server side of a web application to internal or external resources that should not be accessible.

Developers and security professionals need to be aware of the OWASP Top 10 and take appropriate measures to address the security risks identified in the list.